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Special Forces Patches This Page is Dedicated to: 1st Class Jeffrey M. Rada Morales 32, of Naranjito, Puerto Rico.; assigned to 1st Battalion, 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne), Fort Bragg, N.C.; died June 29, 2008 in Kandahar, Afghanistan, from injuries sustained when his vehicle rolled into a canal.
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Special Forces Patch
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Special Forces Patch Meaning
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1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) Active 19 June 1952 – present Country Branch Type Role Primary missions:. Unconventional warfare. Foreign internal defense. Special reconnaissance. Direct action.
Counter-terrorism Other roles:. Counter-proliferation.
Counter-insurgency. Hostage rescue. Information operations. Humanitarian missions. Counter-narcotics.
Security forces assistance Part of Headquarters, North Carolina Nickname(s) Green Berets, Quiet Professionals, Soldier-Diplomats, Snake Eaters, Bearded Bastards Motto(s) Color of Beret Rifle-green Engagements. Website The United States Army Special Forces, colloquially known as the Green Berets due to their distinctive service headgear, are a tasked with five primary missions: (the original and most important mission of Special Forces), and. The first two emphasize language, cultural, and training skills in working with foreign troops. Other duties include combat (CSAR), humanitarian, security assistance, and; other components of the (USSOCOM) or other U.S.
Government activities may also specialize in these secondary areas. Many of their operational techniques are, but some nonfiction works and doctrinal manuals are available. As special operations units, Special Forces are not necessarily under the command authority of the ground commanders in those countries.
Instead, while in theater, SF units may report directly to a geographic, USSOCOM, or other command authorities. The 's (CIA) highly secretive (SAD) and more specifically its (SOG) recruits from the Army's Special Forces.
Joint CIA–Army Special Forces operations go back to the branch during the. The cooperation still exists today and is seen in the. Army Special Forces soldiers from the patrol a field in the Gulistan district of Farah, Afghanistan The primary mission of the Army Special Forces is to train and lead unconventional warfare (UW) forces, or a clandestine guerrilla force in an occupied nation.
The 10th Special Forces Group was the first deployed SF unit, intended to train and lead UW forces behind enemy lines in the event of a invasion of Western Europe. As the U.S. Became involved in Southeast Asia, it was realized that specialists trained to lead guerrillas could also help defend against hostile guerrillas, so SF acquired the additional mission of (FID), working with Host Nation (HN) forces in a spectrum of activities from indirect support to combat command. Special Forces personnel qualify both in advanced military skills and the regional languages and cultures of defined parts of the world. While they are best known for their unconventional warfare capabilities, they also undertake other missions that include direct action raids, peace operations, counter-proliferation, counter-drug advisory roles, and other strategic missions.
As strategic resources, they report either to USSOCOM or to a regional. To enhance their DA capability, specific Commanders In-Extremis Force (CIF) teams were created with a focus on the direct action side of special operations. SF team members work closely together and rely on one another under isolated circumstances for long periods of time, both during extended deployments and in garrison. Because of this, they develop clannish relationships and long-standing personal ties. SF (NCO) often spend their entire careers in Special Forces, rotating among assignments to detachments, higher staff billets, liaison positions, and instructor duties at the U.S. Army (USAJFKSWCS). They are then required to move to staff positions or to higher command echelons.
With the creation of USSOCOM, SF commanders have risen to the highest ranks of U.S. Army command, including command of USSOCOM, the, and the.
Soldiers from the 7th Special Forces Group In 1957 the two original special forces groups (10th and 77th) were joined by the 1st, stationed in the Far East. Additional groups were formed in 1961 and 1962 after President John F. Kennedy visited the Special Forces at Fort Bragg in 1961. Nine groups were organized for the reserve components in 1961.
(Tsouras, 1994, 91). Among them were the 16th and 17th Special Forces Groups.
However, a National Guard formation with elements in Washington, was disestablished on 31 January 1966. In the early twenty-first century, Special Forces are divided into five (AD) and two (ARNG) Special Forces groups. Each Special Forces Group (SFG) has a specific regional focus. The Special Forces soldiers assigned to these groups receive intensive language and cultural training for countries within their regional area of responsibility (AOR). Due to the increased need for Special Forces soldiers in the, all Groups—including those of the National Guard (19th and 20th SFGs)—have been deployed outside of their areas of operation (AOs), particularly to and. A recently released report showed Special Forces as perhaps the most deployed SOF under USSOCOM, with many soldiers, regardless of Group, serving up to 75% of their careers overseas, almost all of which had been to Iraq and Afghanistan. Until recently an SF group has consisted of three battalions, but since the Department of Defense has authorized the 1st Special Forces Command to increase its authorized strength by one third, a fourth battalion was activated in each active component group by 2012.
Current structure of the 20th NG SFG(A) A Special Forces group is historically assigned to a or a theater of operations. The Special Forces Operational Detachment C or C-detachment (SFODC) is responsible for a theater or a major subcomponent, which can provide command and control of up to 18 SFODAs, three SFODB, or a mixture of the two. Subordinate to it are the Special Forces Operational Detachment Bs or B-detachments (SFODB), which can provide command and control for six SFODAs. Further subordinate, the SFODAs typically raise company- to battalion-sized units when on unconventional warfare missions.
They can form 6-man 'split A' detachments that are often used for special reconnaissance. Insignia Group – Headquartered at, along with its 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Battalions, its 1st Battalion is forward deployed at Torii Station,. The 1SFGA is oriented towards the Pacific region, and is often tasked. Currently, 1SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed on a rotational basis to either Iraq as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force – Arabian Peninsula, to Afghanistan as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force – Afghanistan, or to the Philippines as Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines. – Headquartered.
The 3SFGA is theoretically oriented towards all of with the exception of the Eastern, i.e. In practice, 3SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Afghanistan as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force – Afghanistan. – Headquartered at,.
The 5SFGA is oriented towards the Middle East, Central Asia and the (HOA), and is frequently tasked. Currently, 5SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Iraq as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force – Arabian Peninsula. – Headquartered at, Florida. The 7SFG(A) is oriented towards the western hemisphere: South America, Central America, and the Caribbean (i.e.
Although not aligned, the 7SFG(A) has also supported activities in its AOR. In practice, 7SFG(A) and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Afghanistan as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force – Afghanistan. In 2011, 7SFG(A) relocated from, to, Florida as part of the. – Headquartered at, along with its 2nd, 3rd and newly added 4th Battalions, its 1st Battalion is forward deployed in the (Panzer Barracks) in near, Germany. The 10SFGA is theoretically oriented towards Europe, mainly and Eastern Europe, the, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon and Northern Africa, i.e. In practice, 10SFGA and two of its battalions spend roughly six months out of every twelve deployed to Iraq as Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force – Arabian Peninsula.
– One of two Special Forces Groups. Headquartered in, Utah, with companies in, California, and Texas, the 19SFGA is oriented towards Southwest Asia (shared with 5SFGA), Europe (shared with 10SFGA), as well as Southeast Asia (shared with 1SFGA). – One of two National Guard Special Forces Groups. Headquartered in, Alabama, with battalions in Alabama (1st Battalion), (2nd Battalion), and Florida (3rd Battalion), with assigned Companies and Detachments in;;, Kentucky;; and. The 20SFGA has an area of responsibility (AOR) covering 32 countries, including Latin America south of Mexico, the waters, territories, and nations in the Caribbean sea, the, and the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Orientation towards the region is shared with 7SFGA.
Inactive Groups – Active from 1963 to 1971. Assigned to Southwest Asia (Iraq, Iran, etc.) and Southeast Asia. Many of the 103 original volunteers were from 6SFGA. – Active from 1963 to 1972. Responsible for training armies of Latin America in tactics. – Active from 1961 to 1994.
– Active from 1961 to 1994. Battalion HQ Element – SF Operational Detachment-C (SFODC) composition The SFODC, or 'C-Team', is the headquarters element of a Special Forces battalion. As such, it is a command and control unit with operations, training, signals and logistic support responsibilities to its three subordinate line companies. A lieutenant colonel commands the battalion as well as the C-Team, and the battalion Command Sergeant Major is the senior NCO of the battalion and the C-Team. There are an additional 20–30 SF personnel who fill key positions in operations, logistics, intelligence, communications and medical.
A Special Forces battalion usually consists of four companies: 'A', 'B', 'C', and Headquarters/Support. Company HQ Element – SF Operational Detachment-B (SFODB) composition. A Special Forces company commander meets with village elders and members of the 209th Corps in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, 2007. The ODB, or 'B-Team', is the headquarters element of a Special Forces company, and it is usually composed of 11–13 soldiers. While the A-team typically conducts direct operations, the purpose of the B-Team is to support the company's A-Teams both in garrison and in the field. When deployed, in line with their support role, B-Teams are usually found in more secure rear areas.
However, under some circumstances a B-Team will deploy into a hostile area, usually to coordinate the activities of multiple A-Teams. The ODB is led by an 18A, usually a major, who is the (CO). The CO is assisted by his company (XO), another 18A, usually a captain. The XO is himself assisted by a company technician, a 180A, generally a chief warrant officer three, who assists in the direction of the organization, training, intelligence, counter-intelligence, and operations for the company and its detachments. The company commander is assisted by the company sergeant major, an 18Z, usually a Sergeant Major.
A second 18Z acts as the operations sergeant, usually a Master Sergeant, who assists the XO and technician in their operational duties. He has an 18F assistant operations sergeant, who is usually a Sergeant First Class. The company's support comes from an 18D medical sergeant, usually a Sergeant First Class, and two 18E communications sergeants, usually a Sergeant First Class and a Staff Sergeant.
The following jobs are outside of the Special Forces 18-series career management field (CMF), but hold positions on a Special Forces B-Team. Soldiers in these positions are not 'Special Forces qualified', as they have not completed the (SFQC or 'Q' Course); however, they do have the potential to be awarded the Special Qualification Identifier (SQI) 'S' (Special Operations / Special Operations Support) once they complete the appropriate unit level training, 24 months with their Special Forces unit, and Basic Airborne School:. The NCO, usually a Staff Sergeant, the commander's principal logistical planner, works with the battalion to supply the company. The Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear NCO, usually a Sergeant, maintains and operates the company's NBC detection and decontamination equipment, and assists in administering NBC defensive measures. Other jobs can also exist depending on the B-Team structure. Specialist team members can include I.T.
(S-6) personnel, and Military Intelligence Soldiers, including Intelligence Analysts (35F), Human Intelligence Collectors (35M), Signals Intelligence (35 N/P - also known as and SOT-B as related to their positions on SFODA and SFODB teams), Intelligence Officers (35 D/E/F), and (35L/351L). Basic Element – SF Operational Detachment-A (SFODA) composition A Special Forces company normally consists of six ODAs (Operational Detachments-A) or 'A-Teams'. Each ODA specializes in an infiltration skill or a particular mission-set (e.g. Military Freefall (HALO), combat diving, mountain warfare, maritime operations, etc.). An ODA is identified by its group, battalion, company, and the team itself. For example, ODA 1234 would be the fourth team in the third company of the second battalion of 1st Special Forces Group. An ODA consists of 12 men, each of whom has a specific function (MOS or ) on the team, however all members of an ODA conduct cross-training.
The ODA is led by an 18A (Detachment Commander), a, and a 180A (Assistant Detachment Commander) who is his second in command, usually a One or Chief Warrant Officer Two. The team also includes the following enlisted men: one 18Z (Operations Sergeant) (known as the 'Team Sergeant'), usually a Master Sergeant, one 18F (Assistant Operations and Intelligence Sergeant), usually a Sergeant First Class, and two each, 18Bs (Weapons Sergeant), 18Cs (Engineer Sergeant), 18Ds (Medical Sergeant), and 18Es (Communications Sergeant), usually Sergeants First Class, Staff Sergeants or Sergeants. This organization facilitates 6-man 'split team' operations, redundancy, and mentoring between a senior NCO and his junior assistant.
Qualifications. Two from the 2nd Battalion, check their course with compasses during a training exercise in 2011 The basic eligibility requirements to be considered for entry into the Special Forces are:. Be age 20–30.
Be a high school graduate. Score a General Technical score of 110 or higher and a combat operation score of 98 on the.
Airborne qualified or volunteer for Airborne training. Achieve a minimum of 60 points on each event and overall minimum score of 240 on the. Meet medical fitness standards as outlined in SF Physical IAW AR 40-501. Must successfully complete the Pre-Basic Task list.
Eligible for a secret security clearance. Swim 50m wearing boots and ACUs prior to SFQC. Must have 20/20 or corrected to 20/20 in both near and distant vision in both eyes. One year of college is preferred, but it is not mandatory for enlistment. Selection and training.
A Special Forces candidate conducts a pre-mission rehearsal with Army ROTC cadets role playing guerrilla fighters during ROBIN SAGE. The Special Forces soldier trains on a regular basis over the course of his entire career. The initial formal training program for entry into Special Forces is divided into four phases collectively known as the Special Forces Qualification Course or, informally, the 'Q Course'. The length of the Q Course changes depending on the applicant's primary job field within Special Forces and his assigned foreign language capability, but will usually last between 55 and 95 weeks. After successfully completing the Special Forces Qualification Course, Special Forces soldiers are then eligible for many advanced skills courses.
These include, but are not limited to, the (MFF), the, and the Special Forces Sniper Course (SFSC). Special Forces MOS descriptions. 18A – Special Forces Officer. 180A – Special Forces Warrant Officer. 18B – Special Forces Weapons Sergeant. 18C – Special Forces Engineer Sergeant. 18D – Special Forces Medical Sergeant.
18E – Special Forces Communications Sergeant. 18F – Special Forces Intelligence Sergeant. 18X – Special Forces Candidate (Active Duty Enlistment Option). 18Z – Special Forces Operations Sergeant Uniforms and insignia The Green Beret. Special Forces soldiers participate in graduation ceremony in in 2014, wearing their green berets U.S. Army Special Forces adopted the unofficially in 1954 after searching for a piece of headgear that would set them visually apart.
Members of the 77th SFG began searching through their accumulated berets and settled on the Rifle Green color from Captain 's collection. Captain Frank Dallas had the new beret designed and produced in small numbers for the members of the 10th & 77th Special Forces Groups. Their new headdress was first worn at a retirement parade at Fort Bragg on 12 June 1955 for Lieutenant General Joseph P. Cleland, the now-former commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps. Onlookers thought that the commandos were a foreign delegation from NATO. In 1956 General, the post commander at Fort Bragg, banned the wearing of the distinctive headdress, (although members of the Special Forces continued to wear it surreptitiously ). This was reversed on 25 September 1961 by Department of the Army Message 578636, which designated the green beret as the exclusive headdress of the Army Special Forces.
In 1961, President authorized them for use exclusively by the U.S. Special Forces. Preparing for a 12 October visit to the Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, the President sent word to the Center's commander, Colonel, for all Special Forces soldiers to wear green berets as part of the event. The President felt that since they had a special mission, Special Forces should have something to set them apart from the rest. In 1962, he called the green beret 'a symbol of excellence, a badge of courage, a mark of distinction in the fight for freedom'.
Forrest Lindley, a writer for the newspaper Stars and Stripes who served with Special Forces in Vietnam said of Kennedy's authorization: 'It was President Kennedy who was responsible for the rebuilding of the Special Forces and giving us back our Green Beret. People were sneaking around wearing them when conventional forces weren't in the area and it was sort of a cat and mouse game. Then Kennedy authorized the Green Beret as a mark of distinction, everybody had to scramble around to find berets that were really green. We were bringing them down from Canada. Some were handmade, with the dye coming out in the rain'. Kennedy's actions created a special bond with the Special Forces, with specific traditions carried out since his funeral, when a sergeant in charge of a detail of Special Forces soldiers guarding the grave placed his beret on the coffin.
The moment was repeated at a commemoration of the 25th anniversary of JFK's death – General (ret.), the last commander of Special Forces in Vietnam and later a commander of the, spoke at Arlington Cemetery, after which a wreath in the form of a green beret was placed on Kennedy's grave. Distinctive Unit Insignia. Special Forces On a wreath of the colors (Argent and Sable), two arrows saltire-wise Argent – that is, two silver arrows crossed with a dagger, also silver, above them, surrounded by a black ribbon. The regimental crest is taken from the gold crossed arrow collar (branch) beret insignia of the, an American-Canadian commando unit organized in 1942 for World War II. The crest was changed to silver to create visual harmony with the shield, as well as to make a difference from the collar insignia.
A silver color metal and enamel device 1 1⁄ 8 inches (2.9 cm) in height consisting of a pair of silver arrows in saltire, points up and surmounted at their junction by a silver dagger with black handle point up; all over and between a black motto scroll arcing to base and inscribed 'DE OPPRESSO LIBER' in silver letters. The motto, is traditionally but incorrectly thought to mean 'To Free the Oppressed'. A correct translation of the phrase de oppresso liber would be 'from (being) an oppressed man, (to being) a free one'. This distinctive unit insignia was approved on 8 July 1960. The insignia of the 1st Special Forces was authorized to be worn by enlisted personnel of the U.S.
Army Special Forces Command (Airborne) and its subordinate units since at least 1965. Shoulder Sleeve Insignia. SSI of 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) and its Special Forces Groups The US Army's 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) (SSI) is worn by all those assigned to the command and its subordinate units that have not been authorized their own SSI, such as the Special Forces Groups. According to the, the shape and items depicted in the SSI have special meaning: 'The arrowhead alludes to the American Indian's basic skills in which Special Forces personnel are trained to a high degree. The dagger represents the unconventional nature of Special Forces operations, and the three lightning flashes, their ability to strike rapidly by air, water or land.'
The SSI was originally approved on 22 August 1955 and was amended to add an Airborne Tab on 20 November 1958. The SSI was authorized to be worn by personnel of the U.S.
Army Special Forces Command (Airborne) and its subordinate units not currently authorized an SSI of their own on 7 March 1991. This SSI was eventually reauthorized on 27 October 2016, to reflect the renaming of the command to 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne). Special Forces Qualification Tab Introduced in June 1983, the is a service school qualification tab awarded to soldiers who complete one of the. Unlike the Green Beret, soldiers who are awarded the Special Forces Tab are authorized to wear it for the remainder of their military careers, even when not serving with Special Operations units. The cloth tab is an olive drab arc tab 3 1/4 inches (8.26 cm) in length and 11/16 inch (1.75 cm) in height overall, the designation 'SPECIAL FORCES' in black letters 5/16 inch (.79 cm) in height and is worn on the left sleeve of utility uniforms above a unit's and below the (if so awarded). The metal Special Forces Tab replica comes in two sizes, full and dress miniature. The full size version measures 5/8 inch (1.59 cm) in height and 1 9/16 inches (3.97 cm) in width.
The miniature version measures 1/4 inch (.64 cm) in height and 1 inch (2.54 cm) in width. Both are teal blue with yellow border trim and letters and are worn above or below ribbons or medals on the. Award Eligibility:. 1) Basic Eligibility Criteria. Any person meeting one of the criteria below may be awarded the Special Forces (SF) tab:. 1.1)Successful completion of U.S. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School (USAJFKSWCS) approved Active Army (AA) institutional training leading to SF qualification.
1.2) Successful completion of a USAJFKSWCS approved Reserve Component (RC) SF qualification program. 1.3) Successful completion of an authorized unit administered SF qualification program.
2) Active Component institutional training. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who meet the following:. 2.1) For successful completion of the Special Forces Qualification Course or Special Forces Detachment Officer Qualification Course (previously known as the Special Forces Officer Course).
These courses are/were conducted by the USAJFKSWC (previously known as the U.S. Army Institute for Military Assistance). 2.2) Prior to 1 January 1988, for successful completion of the then approved program of instruction for Special Forces qualification in a Special Forces Group, who were subsequently awarded, by competent authority, SQI 'S' in Career Management Field 18 (enlisted), or SQI '3' in Functional Area 18 (officer).
3) Reserve Component (RC) SF qualification programs. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who successfully complete a RC SF qualification program according to TRADOC Regulation 135-5, dated 1 June 1988 or its predecessors and who were subsequently awarded, by competent authority, SQI 'S' or '3' in MOS 11b, 11C, 12B, 05B, 91B, or ASI '5G' or '3.'
The USAJFKSWCS will determine individual entitlement for award of the SF Tab based on historical review of Army, Continental Army Command (CONRAC), and TRADOC regulations prescribing SF qualification requirements in effect at the time the individual began an RC SF qualification program. 4) Unit administered SF qualification programs. The SF Tab may be awarded to all personnel who successfully completed unit administered SF qualification programs as authorized by regulation. The USAJFKSWCS will determine individual entitlement to award of the SF Tab based upon historical review of regulations prescribing SF qualification requirements in effect at the time the individual began a unit administered SF qualification program. 5) Former wartime service.
The Special Forces Tab may be awarded retroactively to all personnel who performed the following wartime service:. 5.1) 1942 through 1973. Served with a Special Forces unit during wartime and were either unable to or not required to attend a formal program of instruction but were awarded SQI 'S', '3', '5G' by competent authority. 5.2) Prior to 1954. Service for at least 120 consecutive days in one of the following organizations:. 5.2.1) 1st Special Service Force, August 1942 to December 1944. 5.2.2) OSS Detachment 101, April 1942 to September 1945.
5.2.3) OSS Jedburgh Detachments, May 1944 to May 1945. 5.2.4) OSS Operational Groups, May 1944 to May 1945. 5.2.5) OSS Maritime Unit, April 1942 to September 1945. 5.2.6) 6th Army Special Reconnaissance Unit (Alamo Scouts), February 1944 to September 1945.
5.2.7) 8240th Army Unit, June 1950 to July 1953. 5.2.8) 1954 through 1975.
Any company grade officer or enlisted member awarded the CIB or CMB while serving for at least 120 consecutive days in one of the following type organizations:. 5.2.8a) SF Operational Detachment-A (A-Team). 5.2.8b) Mobile Strike Force. 5.2.8c) SF Reconnaissance Team.
5.2.8d) SF Special Project Unit. Use of the term 'Special Forces' In countries other than the U.S., the term “special forces” is often used generically to refer to any units with elite training and special mission sets. Military, “Special Forces” is a proper (capitalized) noun referring exclusively to U.S. Army Special Forces (a.k.a. 'The Green Berets'). The media and popular culture frequently misapply the term to and other members of the. In popular culture.
Main article: Books, movies & video games. 1965:, a book. 1965: Outpost of Freedom, by recipient Captain (as told to Warren Rogers) 1965, McGraw-Hill. 1966: ', a song performed by Vietnam veteran and Green Beret. The song was written by Sadler and Robin Moore. 1968:, a film based on Moore's book, produced, directed, and starring, who plays a key role in it as 'Colonel Kirby'. Tales of the Green Beret, a and written by Robin Moore with artwork.
1975: Parthian Shot, by former Green Beret Loyd Little.,; winner of the 1976. 1982:, the main character in a series of films, starting with, who is a former Green Beret and Vietnam vet. 1998:, an action-adventure stealth video game directed by, it stars as a fictional former Green Beret. 2008: White Passage: Red Sun, by former Green Beret Matt Rowe., 2008, Authorhouse. 2009: Horse Soldiers: The Extraordinary Story of a Band of U.S.
Soldiers Who Rode to Victory in Afghanistan, by; adapted into the 2018 film,. See also. Stanton, Doug (24 June 2009). Huffington Post. 9 November 2011. 6 March 2017. Department of Defence.
29 March 2017. (17 December 2003). Retrieved 27 April 2008. Waller, Douglas C. 'The Commandos: The Inside Story of America's Secret Soldiers'.
Dell Publishing. Department of the Army. September 2006. Joint Chiefs of Staff (1993).
Retrieved 13 November 2007. Waller, Douglas (3 February 2003). Time (subscription required). SOG: The Secret Wars of America's Commandos in Vietnam by John L. Plaster. Haney, Eric L.
Inside Delta Force. New York: Delacorte Press. Efran, Shawn (producer), 'Army Officer Recalls Hunt For Bin Laden', 60 Minutes, CBS News, 5 October 2008. Maurer, Kevin (4 June 2013).
Gentlemen Bastards: On the Ground In Afghanistan With America's Elite Special Forces. New York: Berkely Trade. Scarborough, Rowan (23 January 2013). Washington Times. Retrieved 2014-05-17. Retrieved on 2014-05-24. U S ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND.
Retrieved 2 March 2013. Department of the Army (COL Russell W.
Volckmann), FM 31-21, Organization and Conduct of Guerrilla Warfare (Washington, DC: GPO, October 1951). Officer Efficiency Report, Bank, Aaron, 11 May 1952, Aaron Bank Service Record, National Military Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, Missouri. ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
Fort Campbell. United States Army. Archived from on 22 March 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2007. Retrieved on 5 January 2010.
Retrieved 2016-03-24. 26 August 2009 at the. Special Forces Search Engine. Retrieved 8 March 2007. Simpson III, Robert B.; Rheault (1983).
'Inside the Green Berets:he First Thirty Years, a History of the U.S. Army Special Forces'. Presidio Press: 31–32. Brown, Jerold E., ed. 'Green Beret'. (illustrated ed.).
Greenwood Publishing Group. Military staff.
'A Short History of the Use of Berets in the U.S. Retrieved 30 April 2013. ^ Gamarekian, Barbara (22 November 1988).
Special Forces Patches And Insignia
New York Times. ^, US Army Institute of Heraldry, dated 27 October 2016, last accessed 3 March 2017. ^, last accessed 24 June 2014. ^, Official Department of the Army Publications and Forms, dated 24 June 2013, last accessed 23 June 2014 (page 117-118)., Official Department of the Army Publications and Forms, dated 31 March 2014, last accessed 23 June 2014 (pages 6, 201, 244–245, 252, 256, 258–260).
Retrieved 2016-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
Moore, Robin (2002). Martin's Paperbacks. PEN New England. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.